Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management Coursework

Delegating responsibilities is the key to effective management - Coursework Example Delegating work is truly a way to manage an organization successfully. Delegation is not meant to reduce the workload on the leader but to promote professionalism to other staff. Delegation when not well done can lead to other personnel seeing it as the abuse of power. It should be conducted in a manner that reflects it as a transfer of power and skill to another person. It also involves a process of selecting the right person to carry on, which also relies on the leader to be available for support and consultation, instead of supervision. (Jackson, 2015, p.189-190). Some leaders always think that delegating works is a way to relieve themselves from duty which should not be the case. They should guide those delegated, on how things should be done to achieve the set goals. Delegation needs a good mutual relationship between the two for it to be successful. Inadequate delegation can be like a rowing boat with only you doing the rowing. Your subordinate presence is just for the ride which leads too tiring and pressured management. (Burns, 2001, p.10). Creating a healthy environment with the subordinates is the key to delivering set goals. The relationship between a leader and junior staffs is vital in delegating task. For example, a leader who is too harsh to his subordinates may lead to the delegated task poorly performed while a leader who motivates his subordinate through rewards and promotions stand a high chance of achieving successful delegation. Delegation to be successful it must be conducted in a sequence of events that are: assignment of the task, delegation of authority, acceptance of responsibility assigned, and creation of accountability. Delegation does not relieve managers of Responsibility and accountability, that implies that managers will always be responsible and accountable for the task delegated, (Plunket & Warren, 2011, p.191-200). Developing efficient delegating strategies is the key success to productive management. When

Toyota Motor Company Essay Example for Free

Toyota Motor Company Essay In the worldwide automotive industry, Toyota Motor Corporation is the leading player in terms of revenue, profit and net worth as of April this year (Associated Press).   The Aichi Prefecture, Japan-based automaker reported in a filing with the U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission consolidated earnings of 1.6 trillion yen or about $14.3 billion for the year ended Mar. 31, 2007. To have reached its current leadership position in the market, Toyota Motor follows a business strategy that focuses on safety, reliability, efficiency, and cost-effectiveness of its products.    The company was able to capitalize on its smaller but more fuel-efficient models to increasingly gain bigger shares in different markets worldwide. The companys key market areas are: China, Japan, North America, and Europe.   Toyota’s corporate goal is to hold on to its position as a market leader, while continuing its growth.   In order to achieve this, the automaker believes in the importance of advances in technology, production and marketing, quality control, and strengthening of its cost-efficiency model. Specifically, Toyotas strategies are focused on: a) offering of full product lineup and distinguish products through hybrid technology that includes: expansion of distribution reach for its Lexus model to reach the most number of countries, manufacturing global brands that would meet regional characteristics while  utilizing the same designs and core components. b) localization of global operations with targeted regional strategies: the company understands that having a local manufacturing, marketing, and sales offices will help it maximize that markets potential while saving on cost of shipping vehicles and parts.   The localization wil lalso protect it from currency fluctuations and help it respond better to local preferences and tastes. Toyotas biggest strength is its ability to provide markets with good alternatives to bigger and more expensive vehicles.   Its product lines are attractive and are designed to make them affordable for consumers to buy, while keeping maintenance costs minimal. I dont consider Toyota to have a weak point, but rather, I consider it to be facing challenges.   The carmakers biggest challenge, for me, is to stay competitive, not only with the American and European carmakers, but with other Asian car manufacturers that also offer quality cars at affordable costs. BIBLIOGRAPHY TOYOTA. Home Page. http://www.toyota.co.jp/en/index.html (7 November 2007) Toyota overtakes GM in global vehicle sales, The Associated Press, 24 April 2007. http://www.msnbc.msn.com/id/18286221/ (7 November 2007) Toyota Motor Corp. U.S. Securities and Exchange Commission.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   http://sec.gov/cgi-bin/browse-   Ã‚   edgar?action=getcompanyCIK=0001094517owner=includecount=40 (7 November 2007)

Comparing Roald Dahl’s Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle :: Roald Dahl Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Essays

Comparing Roald Dahl’s Lamb to the Slaughter and The Speckled Band by Sir Arthur Conan Doyle Both ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ and ‘The Speckled Band’ is detective murder mysteries. They share some similarities but have many differences. In my essay I will discuss these and the effects they have on the story. Roald Dahl wrote ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ in 1954. It is much more modern than Conan Doyle’s ‘The Speckled Band’ of 1892. In ’Lamb to the Slaughter’ the main point to the story is to find out whether Mrs. Maloney will get away with committing a murder. Dahl also tries to illustrate that appearances can be deceptive. However, in ‘The Speckled Band’ the reader continues to read the story to find out who the murderer was and whether Holmes will discover how the crime was committed. The stories are both murder mysteries yet their shapes are almost opposite. The setting of ‘The Speckled Band’ is a typical old mansion. ‘The manor house is very old’. This lends an atmosphere of foreboding and suspense to the story. This is because it is natural to find dark and sinister places scary. Conan Doyle uses descriptions such as ‘A picture of ruin’, ‘Ill trimmed lawn’, ‘the building was of grey lichen-blotched stone’; to show this age. The setting is important in that the atmosphere and the suspense, which keeps the reader interested, are dependant upon this. In Victorian times, this type of setting would be more suited to the audience than that of a warm and cozy house. Conan Doyle was not challenging stereotypes, instead using them to his own advantage. However, in ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ the scene of the crime is the complete opposite. ‘The room was warm and clean’. This causes the reader to feel relaxed without any suspicion that events such as a murder would occur. Roald Dahl uses this homely image ‘the curtains drawn, the two table lamps alight’ to contrast sharply with the murder – shocking the reader – and to support the impression given by Mary Maloney’s character, so forcing the reader to challenge their preconceptions. Whereas great attention to the setting is given in ‘The Speckled Band’ it is no longer needed after the initial description in ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ as suspense is built in different ways. This is a large difference between the two. The main character in ‘Lamb to the Slaughter’ is Mary Maloney. Dahl spends a long time at the beginning of the story creating an impression of her as a loving wife and house-proud women. ‘Mary Maloney was waiting for her husband to come home’, ‘She took his coat

Does It Matter? by Siegfried Sassoon Essay -- Papers

Does It Matter? by Siegfried Sassoon "Does It Matter" is an angry, heavily ironic war poem written in 1917 by the famous World War I poet Siegfried Sassoon. On first read, it appears that the poet is addressing an injured soldier who has returned from the trenches, asking this man whether or not it is important that he is missing limbs and sight, instead highlighting the virtues of the world and offering these as a remedy for his pains. The poem is written in a nursery-rhyme-like structure, where there is an obvious rhyming pattern and distinctive rhythm, and where many lines even have an equal number of syllables. For such a complicated subject matter, the poem is also rather brief - very succinct at just three stanzas comprising of five lines each. The opening lines of each stanza begin similarly with a question asked but never answered: Does it matter - losing your legs?... There is a lot to discuss even here. Firstly, we notice that the question itself is not answered - Sassoon does this very deliberately. Of course he goes on to back his rather naà ¯ve point by highlighting the constructive aspects of living without the use of one's legs, but he leaves a great void here, like the unfilled silence after a particularly awkward question. We, as readers, can easily answer the question of whether or not it matters in our own minds - of course it matters, and it matters further when we shake our heads at the sinister complacency exhibited throughout the remainder of the poem. Sassoon intentionally utilises this almost child-like perspective (given more strength through his nursery-rhyme structure and know-no-better naivet... ...stion at the beginning of each stanza - does it matter? The poem is turned on its head and, just maybe, the soldier complies with Hamlet's statements: "To die, to sleep / No more". How, then, does this fit in with the rest of the poem? Well, it soon becomes clear to me that the form of Utopia the narrator describes in the three stanzas is hard to visualise even today, and we must remember that the poem is set during a major and bloody war. This form of Utopia, then, can exist only beyond reality - in a paradise found after death. It would appear, then, that this is a goodbye note from a dying soldier, seeking comfort as he withers away amidst the fighting in thoughts of the "undiscovered country", and finally exhaling his last breath, taking his afflictions away with him to a place where 'people will always be kind'.

Lifeboy Handwash

Executive Summary for Case Study on Lifebuoy Hand Wash Customer Problem: To develop, grow and accelerate Lifebuoy Hw in Hand wash category within the constrain of limited support budget given the limited support budget relatively small size of current Hand wash business. Task Summary: We surveyed 56 families’ i. e nearly 180 people, retailers, Hw sellers over a period of 20 days and based on our survey we did a detailed analysis of the data and came out with several findings & marketing strategies to overcome the current hurdles. Challenges To Overcome: Consumer mindset, which believes soap is a more economical and viable option for hand wash. †¢ Economical & wide reaching marketing strategies. †¢ Competition: Soaps, Sanitizers, other Hand wash brands like Dettol HW. The Market: The market for this business is the universal population which believes in eating healthy and remaining clean. In order to tap this entire market an awareness needs to be generated amongst th e masses that hand is the part of the body that comes in direct contact with dirt, other bacteria from air, water, earth and touches our skin, ears, eyes, nose, tongue.By keeping our hands clean we can keep away most of the illnesses. Hence cleaning of hands requires extra care & protection and not any ordinary soap. Opportunity: By creating awareness about personal hygiene and extra care for hand wash, Lifebuoy can not only create a market but also penetrate this created market very aggressively. Solution to the challenges: Consumer Mindset can be tackled by generating awareness about the importance of hand wash via Lifebuoy and conveying, HW last long and is more effective whereas soaps in long run tend to decay, become pale and ineffective due to moist conditions under which it is kept.Hence Hw liquids are as economical as soaps and more effective for HW. Non-conventional & economical Marketing Strategies: †¢ Ads on the Lid of food containers served by pantry in public trans portation like trains, bus, airways, waterways generating awareness on importance of hand wash through the medium of Lifebuoy. †¢ Working Population consume Dabba Food. We must sent 1 re Lifebuoy sachets along with Dabbas promoting Lifebuoy and generating awareness about the importance of Hand wash. †¢ Men spent an average of 25mins a day and women spent an average an hour a day in wash rooms.Here we must have life boy paper adds pasted on the doors and walls of washrooms in public places. †¢ Lifebuoy HW machine in corporate washrooms. (M/c will consist of LB HW refill container, LB tissues and hand dryer). †¢ Local doctors/medical shops must give away free samples of LB 1 re sachets along with medicines. Support Marketing Strategies can include 1)Health Gift packs eg. pack of lifebuoy products for a pregnant woman. This will earn us goodwill of the entire family. 2) Lifebuoy sachets for travelling. 3) Use of stylish bottles to target young population. )LB commer cial adds can show that in comparison to other HW, the LID drops less liquid and is more effective. Product Variants: 1) Quick HW(99. 99% germs in 10 secs)- Targeting children age group 3 to 14 years. 2)Economic HW(1 drop, antiseptic & more effective)-Targeting Housewife’s who are the families budget planners. 3)Trendy Hand wash(Keeps hands soft, fresh and good aroma)- Promote as an item of style & Hygiene to tap youngsters. Recommended New Variant as 50% of Indian Population is in this age group. 4)Total Health Care(skin care, Slower hand wash but longer protection)-Targeting Pregnant woman, old people, clinical uses.

The Proper Way To Make References In A Dissertation

The Proper Way To Make References In A Dissertation How To Make References In A Dissertation Right? When it comes to academic papers, every writer must understand the importance of references. It has many reasons to be so significant. Firstly, this is one of the main requirements for the academic writings and it serves as a final touch for the paper, showing it is completed. Secondly, this is a way you can maintain statements in the text and provide proofs for your arguments. The presence of references displays that you have done quality research and have a deep knowledge of the topic you have disclosed in the dissertation. Today we will take a closer look at â€Å"academic† or â€Å"scholar† references in academic writing and discover their peculiarities. What is academic reference? This is the type of references you add to your academic paper to direct your reader to the sources of the information you have used in the paper. It can be a citation, quotation or another way of â€Å"borrowing† thoughts from other experts. We have many options for providing references in the paper. In this article, we will take a closer look at three of them. However, they all have similar features and purposes and provide the same piece of basic info about the source of thoughts: the name of the author of the text you refer to; the name of the paper/article/book/etc.; the type of work (book, article, magazine etc.); the date of publication, edition (if you refer to the particular edition of the book, with specific features, you need to specify what copy you have used exactly as the information, used in the older versions may drastically differ from statements used in the latest copies or the structure may vary and create a confusion when reader will try to find the original source you refer to); the place of publication and the name of the publisher; extra details, if needed, to provide complete direction to the source of information that is used in your academic paper. Reasons you need to make references and when you should do so Excluding plagiarism The most significant reason to use citation is to exclude cases of plagiarism in your dissertation or any other paper. It is not forbidden to add to your work thoughts and statements of other influential experts in the field. But you can do so only with proper references for their work. This is the way you can support your own statements and give credits to the people who have inspired you in your own discoveries at the same time. Keep in mind, that references are required not only for direct quotations of someone’s words but also to other data and thoughts, even if you have paraphrased them. Some people plagiarize other works unintentionally. But still, they are under the danger to be accused of dishonest researching. We advise making references anytime you know or consider the thought in your work is the representation of some other one. Be cautious. Additional reasons Apart from the danger of being accused in plagiarism, you need to keep in mind a few more reasons to make a habit to provide references to the sources of information you use. They are important in evolving as a scholar and following policies of collective knowledge creation: provide readers with the opportunity to dig deeper and find out wider explanation of the things from your paper, which can be a thing if your work stimulates reader’s thinking. Moreover, thus us just a common scholar courtesy to display the way your thoughts were formatted clearly and understandable; providing references to the works of other scholars will show you have done deep research on the topic and display your insight into it. This may help you in convincing your readers and make your arguments sound stronger. With quotations of the reputable sources, your interpretations may become even more understandable. What system for references is better to choose? Usually, there are no many options. In most cases, you will have an opportunity to choose between parenthetical referencing and footnote referencing or their preferred parenthetical and numerical styles for Arts or Humanities subjects and for Sciences or Social Sciences respectively. As a rule, it is up to the university choice. In case you have an opportunity to choose, you need to study the â€Å"usage† passage and check the following aspects: What is the number of sources you are about to use in my work? To what extent will you use the sources: will you use a lot of data from them or just include a few thoughts from each of them to point out some trends in the field? What will you choose: paraphrasing or direct quotes? So in case, your educational institution will provide you with the freedom to choose the referring method, use this checklist to make the right choice considering specifications of your work. Ways to make effective and consistent references Systematism Working dissertation, it is obvious that you will have to use dozens or even hundreds of sources and will have to provide references to them as well. You will need to work on the bibliography section for sure to display the list of used sources. But during months or even years of work on the paper it is impossible to remember and recall all the book, articles and papers you base your research on. So it would be wise to develop a system for organizing all the materials, whether you just read them or quote. This approach will be helpful for writing the bibliography section and making in-text quotations as well. Helpful software for automatizing the process Academic writers usually have their own ways of organizing sources lists and notes for their work. They may use spreadsheets or make notes on paper. It is good to implement even these techniques. But when you work with numerous sources and for a long time, you may require additional assistance from special software for managing references. This is one of the most effective ways to store and retrieve sources. Many educational institutions provide commercial subscriptions for their workers for software like RefWorks and EndNote. But you also may use free packages of Zotero. There might be some restrictions compared to the paid versions, but still, it can serve a great deal. Usually, this type of software provides a similar list of features: the feature for organizing the database by dividing it into different folders according to the particular criteria, that is especially useful for large databases; a number of fields that collect info that is typically needed for the proper citation in the academic paper; at least one option for automated recording of the info (for instance, plugins for grabbing citation data from pages you use in your work; DOI searches for collecting citation info right from the internet; functions for importing text or XML files, or even complete databases); plugins for word processing to make in-text quotations in any footnote or parenthetical form; at least one tool for creating lists of references or bibliographies – in a text form extracted from the program or collecting data about sources from the word procession results. Using these helpers, you can save a great deal of time while you will have an easy way for cataloging, retrieving or annotating materials you use in your paper. The automated citation will help you to create the full bibliography list for your paper. But keep in mind that automated tools cannot guarantee 100% accuracy in their results. So it would be better to check the records of the program and complete them with missing data or to fix some inaccurate parts. Parenthetical references Usage This type of references is used most often in academic writing and it can be applied in various academic disciplines with minor differences considering discipline specifications. MLA and Chicago styles are usually used in disciplines of the Arts and Humanities field, particularly in the north part of USA. When it comes to Social Sciences, APA can be appropriate. But the Harvard system is the most universal option that is acceptable by most universities and disciplines globally. Parenthetical methods are usually applicable on an economic basis. With their help, the reader may quickly and without any special troubles or time-wasting find the source of the provided information in the section with all references (can be marked as â€Å"References† or â€Å"Bibliography† etc.) where all the papers you have cited are collected. Due to the fact that this style is based on economy approach, it has simplified requirements considering the author’s name. So you can specify it only if it is not clear from the context. But if your quotation looks like â€Å"Brown states that.† you can omit Brown’s name in the references a few phrases later. System based on author-date principle Most references of the parenthetical format are based on the â€Å"author-date† principle. They include the name of the author and then the year of publication. As it was stated above, you can omit the author’s name and specify only the year, in case the name is understandable from the context. Here’s an example: We can observe many complaints that we have â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown 2018, p.8) or Brown claims that â€Å"There are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (2018, p.8) The year of publication is the second main information about the source you need to specify in your referencing (after the name). This allows easy tracking of the source of the thoughts of the piece of the text and finds it in the bibliography section. The author-date principle usually creates a unique marker for each source of information. But in can the scholar has written more than one academic work in one year without specifying other dating information, and you need to use and quote each of the sources in your dissertation, so you need to make each identifier unique like â€Å"2018a† and â€Å"2018b† etc. The way you make references may differ depending on the selected format, discipline etc. For instance, we will use APA when we are assigned to write a paper on any of the Social Sciences discipline. It does not have any strict rules for mentioning page numbers as usually in such works the sources of information are rather paraphrased then cited directly. In most cases, it is just a general reference for giving credit to the inspiration and the direction for the thoughts in the paper. In the APA system, you need to specify the author’s name and the date of publication. In case you need to mention the page number, add this information at the end of the quote in a separate parenthetical note. Brown (2018) claims that â€Å"There are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (p.8) The Harvard system This citation method required separate disclosing, despite the fact it belongs to the author-date group of referencing styles. There are high chances that your university uses the Harvard system as the main citation system, or at least for some disciplines. But it is also possible, that your university may understand this system differently comparing to other educational institutions. While Chicago and MLA styles serve as detailed identifiers that have many rules for academic writing, apart from the references, Harvard method only specifies the type of info you need to add to your reference, but it has much more formatting rules. Harvard formatting differs from institution to institution and publication that apply this style. So variations may be many, but we can define basic principles that remain the same: capitalize the name of the author; referring to the page numbers, use â€Å"p.† or just add the number; separate the name of the author and the publication data with a comma; use the formatting and elements of bibliography that is specified by the university. It may be confusing, but many universities do not take into consideration these specifications. If you go to any library in any university, you will see that its referencing guide will disclose the main set of rules of Harvard System, without including elements of its variations. This will help you to identify the unique requirements and spot the ones, added by your university or software. Keep in mind this information, especially if you use the special software to automate tracking and collecting bibliography data. If you will choose the Harvard system in its settings, the high chances that the result will not match the requirements of your university. So you will need to fix some settings manually to reach the needed format. Some referencing tools offer a few variants of the Harvard system, so you can try each of them to find the most suitable option for you and your university. But still, you may need to make a few corrections as well. MLA format and features of MLA approach is even more economical in using the information in references. The main thing here is that we do not have to use dates but organize sources according to the names of the authors with minimal punctuation as well. For instance, it can look like this: We often hear complaints that there are â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown 8) In case the author has more than one work, connected to the discussed topic, you can add a reference to the particular book, but make it the shorter possible, like this: We often hear complaints that there are â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown, Education’s 8) More examples Take into account that all the references we provide in the examples are fictional and made up by us to display the main principles. In text: We often hear complaints that there are â€Å"too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research† (Brown 2018, 8) In the list of references: Brown, John. 2018. The Challenges of Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing. Parenthetical styles examples Chicago (author-date) MLA (Modern Language Association) Harvard APA (American Psychological Association) Footnote/endnote references and their usage Usage Method of footnote referencing is used mostly in papers in Arts and Humanities disciplines and more common in the UK and Commonwealth countries. It is suitable for direct quotes and references to the sources when it is required to provide instantly what source has been used and when you need to add some comments to the info you have used in the main text. This type of referencing usually includes page numbers if possible. The exceptions are the classical texts that may exist in various editions and in such cases it is more appropriate to refer to the particular chapter, scene, line etc. Footnoting is based on the assumption that the reader may decide to trace the source to study the context of the quote and get a deeper understanding of the thoughts in the paper. So we often can see this type of referencing in the books and articles and they usually contain bibliography references and other info about the source. Formatting and style specifications Usually, we can see the number in the superscript note (less often – parentheses) at the end of the sentence of the passage quoted or some other option to display that the text has noted. In most cases, footnotes can be found at the bottom of the page that contains the reference. It can also be an adjacent page in case there is too much text in the footer. The referencing section as a rule id separated from the main text with a horizontal line. Less often universities use the endnote approach when all the references are marked with a running number and then at the end of the paper, book etc. we have a special chapter with references and comments. The amount of details in the footnote reference usually depends on the presence or absence of the bibliography. If the is one, in a footnote we can just add the main info to track the original source in the bibliography section. It can be the name of the paper and its author’s name and the particular page where the quote is. Footnote is the unique style as it allows using bibliography as well with the sources of quotations. You also can add to the footnote any other source and information that is important for the deeper understanding of the paper your work on, whether you cited it or not. In some cases, footnote referencing does not imply the bibliography section at the end of the paper. This means that all the details about the source of information must be added to the footnote. At the same time, two the most popular styles Oxford and MHRA usually require that all possible bibliographic details were mentioned in the footnote as well as in the bibliography section in the alphabetic order. Sometimes MHRA allows omitting of the general bibliography, but often universities require creating it anyway. Considering this, the short note is allowed (containing the author’s name, title and the page of reference) to be added to the footnote after the source was mentioned and introduced before. Examples In text: Brown often complaints that â€Å"There are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research†. 1 In the footer: Brown, John. 2018. The Challenges of the Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing (Oxford: Scholars Press, 2018), p. 8. In the list of references: Brown, John. 2018. The Challenges of the Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing (Oxford: Scholars Press, 2018). Footnote style examples MHRA (Modern Humanities Research Association); Oxford; Chicago (footnote style). Numbered reference styles Usage Numbered referencing style is most common in scientific works. They are perfect for cases when there are too many sources of information and they are used brief or paraphrased and when you use more than 5 sources to prove one point or statement but without direct quotations (or without it at all). Numbered collection of the references in bibliographic records are the best options for cases when there are too many sources and even the shortest parenthetical approaches will lead to the often and long interruption of the main text. Format and features Every source you use in your work has its unique number in the bibliography depending on the appearance order in the text. The definite number is inserted in the main text in parentheses (not in a superscript way like in footnotes) and when in the further text you refer to this source, you use the same number for referencing to it. At the end of the paper, you will have to collect all the references in one list in the respective order. Numbered references are suitable for the texts where there are many numbers and terms and you may need many references or even hyperlinks to explain them. Examples In text: Scholars often complain that there are too many styles for references that may only waste our time we could spend on deeper research. (1-4) In the list of references: Brown, J. The Challenges of the Modern Education: Requirements and Academic Writing. Oxford: Scholars Press, 2018. Examples of numerical styles One of the most standardized styles of numerated referencing is Vancouver style. But more often you can hear mentioning only â€Å"numerated referencing† without specifying Vancouver style. As well as Harvard style, this method of making references may be altered depending on the university requirements, time of publication and other factors. But the unique Vancouver style of referencing will remain the same and you may use it as a starting point to organize a large number of references in your paper. Changes in referencing approaches – e-sources and DOI The DOI style, or A Digital Object Identifier, is standardized and currently a very common method for making references to the online sources. This is like the connection between an ISBN and a URL. It is a unique and stable identifier that marks the particular source in electronic format and allows looking for it in the database. URL features are in its functioning as the â€Å"address† to the source and make it possible to found it quickly. Most of the articles published today online use DOI method. The main info of the DOI is collected in the centralized database as metadata. This is a very convenient option for those, who use referencing software. All you need is to input the DOI of the article and the system will collect the required bibliographic data. But the most convenient feature is that the metadata is being regularly updated so the unique DOI will contain the relevant URL and other info about the article. Type http://dx.doi.org/ before any DOI identifier and it will find the most suitable place in the article for reference. If the source is open, it will direct to the page where the full article is available. In other cases, it will lead to the login page or any other page that will help you to get access to the original source. The referencing techniques are still in the process of incorporating DOI. However, recent editions of APA and MLA now contain guidelines for using DOI as the references and even make it possible to exclude some details about the source of your reference have DOI.

3 Tips on How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay - BestEssay.Education

3 Tips on How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay 3 Tips on How to Write a 5 Paragraph Essay A 5 paragraph essay, is not a type of essay in the most formal sense. Types of essays include argumentative essays, persuasive essays, definition essays, literary analysis essays, etc. Any of these types of essays can be written as a five paragraph essay. Essentially, a 5 paragraph essay is an essay format that includes the following elements: Introductory Paragraph 3 Body Paragraphs Concluding Paragraph Writing a 5 paragraph essay is quite common in introductory writing classes where students are focusing on learning the basics of essay writing more than they are focusing on elements such as research. Â  As students learn how to write a five paragraph essay, they study concepts such as defining and writing a thesis statement, creating a main idea sentence, and writing a conclusion that integrates the evidence introduced in the body paragraph into a final statement proving the writer's thesis. Another reason that instructors assign 5 paragraph essays is to teach students how to properly cite their sources both in the body of the essay, and on the works cited page or bibliography. The simple 5 paragraph format is convenient for the instructor, because they can quickly read these short essays and determine what each student understands and where each student is lacking understanding. Don't be fooled by the short length and relative simplicity of the five paragraph essay. These are sti ll graded assignments, and your work will be held to the standards of good writing. This is the reason why we have developed this brief set of tips on writing an excellent 5 paragraph paper. Content is Still Important While it is true that you are not going to delve into anything very deeply in a 5 paragraph essay, that does not mean you can be sloppy when it comes to the information you are delivering. Make sure that the facts you provide are accurate and verifiable. Use smooth transitions when moving from one paragraph to the next. Read each body paragraph to yourself in order to be certain that there is a clearly identifiable main idea sentence and that the other sentences support that main idea. Work hard to ensure that your thesis statement is well-written. Demonstrate That You Understand the Essay Writing Process Check and double check your writing. Do you have every required paragraph? What about your citations? Have you made certain that you have all of the inline citations correctly formatted? If you are using direct quotes, have your cited those correctly? Are your font size, margins, title page, and works cited page in compliance with the citation format that you are using? Spelling and Grammar are Major Factors in Your Success This is extremely important when writing a 5 paragraph essay. The short length of your paper will make any errors stand out. After all, it's pretty hard to hide a mistake in only 500 words or so. One thing that you can do to stay on top of errors as you go is to try writing a paragraph and then reviewing it for errors before going on to the next. This can make your final editing and proofreading go much more quickly.